salmon

Actinopterygii, Salmoniformes, Salmonidae, Genus Oncorhynchus (Pacific Salmon) and Salmo (Atlantic Salmon)

Salmon are found in a variety of freshwater and saltwater environments. They are born in freshwater rivers and streams, migrate to the ocean where they spend most of their adult life, and return to freshwater to spawn.

Salmon can vary in size depending on the species. Generally, adult salmon can range from 20 to 30 inches (51 to 76 cm) in length, but some species, like the Chinook salmon, can grow up to 58 inches (147 cm).

The weight of salmon varies widely among species and individuals. On average, adult salmon can weigh from 5 to 30 pounds (2.3 to 13.6 kg), while some Chinook salmon can exceed 100 pounds (45 kg).

The lifespan of salmon varies by species, but most Pacific salmon live between 3 to 7 years. Atlantic salmon can live up to 10 years or more under favorable conditions.

Salmon are carnivorous and primarily feed on smaller fish, crustaceans, and zooplankton. Their diet can vary depending on their life stage and habitat.

Salmon are known for their remarkable migratory habits, traveling long distances from their spawning grounds in freshwater to feeding grounds in the ocean and back again. They are also known for their strong swimming abilities and ability to leap over obstacles.

Natural enemies of salmon include larger fish (such as seals and sea lions), birds (like eagles and herons), and various terrestrial predators (including bears and otters) that may prey on them at different life stages.

Salmon are anadromous, meaning they hatch in freshwater, migrate to the ocean, and return to freshwater to spawn. They have a unique ability to navigate back to their birthplace using the Earth's magnetic field and olfactory cues. Salmon play a crucial role in their ecosystems, providing a food source for many animals and contributing nutrients to freshwater habitats when they return to spawn.